Raymond Johnson Chapman (January 15, 1891 - August 17, 1920), was an American baseball player, spending his entire career as a shortstop for Cleveland.

He is the second of only two Major League Baseball players to have died as a result of an injury recieved in a game (the first was Mike "Doc" Powers in 1909); Chapman was hit in the head by a pitch thrown by Yankees pitcher Carl Mays. His death led to Major League Baseball to establish a rule requiring umpires to replace the ball whenever it became dirty. His death was also one of the examples used to emphasize the need for wearing batting helmets (although the rule was not adopted until over thirty years later). His death was partially the reason MLB banned the spitball after the season.

Chapman was born in Beaver Dam, Kentucky. He grew up in Herrin, Illinois. He broke into the Major Leagues in 1912 with the Cleveland team, then known as the Naps.

Chapman led the American League in runs scored and walks in 1918. A top-notch bunter, Chapman is 6th on the all-time list for sacrifice hits. Only Stuffy MnInnis has more sacrifices for right-handed batters. Chapman was also an excellent shortstop who led the league in putouts three times and assists once. He batted .300 three times, and led the Indians in stolen bases four times. In 1917, he set a team record of 52 stolen bases, which stood until 1980. He was hitting .303 with 97 runs scored when he died.